# Twiddler's Syndrome: a Rare Complication of Pacemakers > Junaedi C.H. URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/twiddlers-syndrome-a-rare-complication-of-pacemakers Jurnal / Konferensi: Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan Tahun terbit: 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/16877 ISSN: 18122892 Citations: 0 ## Authors - Junaedi C.H. ## Abstract <b>Background: </b>Schizophrenia is an important and serious mental disorder. It has been studied that serum melatonin levels were significantly decreased in schizophrenia patients.<br /> <b>Objective: </b>To investigate the effect of adjuvant melatonin on cognitive function and serum melatonin levels in schizophrenia patients receiving risperidone therapy<b> </b><br /> <b>Methods: </b>This study used a randomized controlled double-blind design. Forty-four male schizophrenic patients were successfully enrolled and randomized into two groups: 22 treatment patients who received risperidone therapy (4-6 mg/day) and melatonin (5 mg/day) and 22 control patients who received risperidone and placebo. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-INA) scale and serum melatonin levels were measured before and after 8 weeks of therapy. Data were analyzed using chi-squared, independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests.<br /> <b>Results: </b>Changes in MoCA-Ina scores were significantly different between the treatment and control groups (p&lt;0.001), particularly in the visuospatial/executive, language, memory and orientation dimensions (p&lt;0.05). The change in melatonin levels was also significantly different between groups (p&lt;0.05). The decrease in melatonin levels in the treatment group was about three times lower than in the control group (-4.34 pg/mL vs. -13.61 pg/mL). There was no significant correlation between melatonin levels and MoCA-Ina scores.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>Adjuvant melatonin could improve cognitive function and slow the rate of melatonin decline in schizophrenia patients receiving risperidone. ## Keywords - Melatonin - Risperidone - Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) - Medicine - Internal medicine - Cognition - Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Endocrinology - Adjuvant - Randomized controlled trial - Psychology - Correlation - Dopamine antagonist - Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance - Psychosis - Prolactin - Clinical trial --- Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin. Saat mengutip, gunakan DOI bila tersedia atau URL kanonis di atas.