# Thermally Induced Surface Self-Passivation in Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
> Liu J.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/thermally-induced-surface-self-passivation-in-tin-perovskite-solar-cells
Jurnal / Konferensi: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c08037
ISSN: 19448244
Kuartil SJR: Q1
Citations: 1

## Authors
- Liu J.

## Abstract
Due to the band offset, there is significant interfacial recombination between the tin-based perovskite and C<sub>60</sub>, which exhibits excellent electron transport capability. Here, we introduce a novel strategy leveraging surface self-passivation through controlled thermal decomposition to reduce the level of interfacial recombination substantially. By carefully tuning the annealing temperature (70 vs 100 °C) and organic cation composition (diethylammonium (DEA) vs methylamine (MA)), we achieve selective surface restructuring and SnI<sub>2</sub> formation, effectively suppressing interfacial recombination at the perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> interface. Detailed characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) confirmed the formation of a stable SnI<sub>2</sub> passivation layer. At the same time, photoluminescence and quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) analyses revealed a notable reduction in the interfacial recombination losses. Consequently, this surface self-passivation strategy significantly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by approximately 1%, primarily through an open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) increase of around 50 mV. Our findings underscore the critical role of interface engineering and thermal control in advancing the efficiency of Sn-based perovskite solar cells.

## Keywords
- Passivation
- Materials science
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry
- Perovskite (structure)
- Photoluminescence
- Tin
- Energy conversion efficiency
- Optoelectronics
- Chemical engineering
- Analytical Chemistry (journal)
- Ion
- Nanotechnology
- Layer (electronics)
- Metallurgy
- Chemistry
- Engineering
- Chromatography
- Organic chemistry

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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