The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review

Abstract

Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of cancer originating from the nasopharynx’s epithelia. It is an undifferentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma and known as one of the major cancer types in the region of the head and neck. Some substances, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may contribute to the tumor’s progression and development. Nonetheless, the specific roles of LDH and VEGF in relation to NPC are not yet fully understood. Result LDH is an important substance involved in the glycolysis process, and it has been observed that patients with NPC have elevated levels of this enzyme. As it is higher, the prognosis became worse in patients with NPC. Similarly, VEGF which contributes to vascular generation also found to be higher in patients with NPC. VEGF is linked to tumor progression and development, and employing anti-VEGF agent may help to impede this progression. Conclusion The impacts of LDH and VEGF in NPC have been proven independently; however, the combined effect remains unclear. Therefore, the exploration of both biomarkers is crucial to the management of NPC in the future.

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