The correlation of caspase-3 expression with retinal ganglion and photoreceptor cell densities in diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In the diabetic retina, apoptosis is one of the main processes that results in retinal cell death (RCD). The production of caspase-3 may be utilized as an apoptotic marker for changes in the retina that occur after developing diabetes. It is important in apoptotic pathways and functions as a signal of the severity of tissue damage.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature review was performed on studies published from 2010 until 2023. The key words “caspase-3,” “apoptosis,” “diabetic retinopathy,” “oxidative stress,” “antioxidants,” and “cell death” were used for the search, which yielded seven articles that had relevant topics.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Caspase-3 is known as the “executioner” in apoptosis and plays a crucial role in breaking down cellular structures. Capsase-3 activity is significantly increased in the retinas of diabetic rats. Antioxidants show promise in inhibiting caspase-3 activation, potentially reducing RCD. Antioxidants may prevent the onset of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by preventing microvascular apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3 is a key player in apoptosis and may contribute to DR. High blood sugar and oxidative stress seem to trigger caspase-3 activation in retinal cells, leading to cell death. Antioxidants could be a promising strategy to mitigate this process.

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