Survival Analysis of Low-Birth-Weight Neonates in NICU at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Currently, children face the highest risk of death during the neonatal phase. UNICEF data shows that in 2022, globally, approximately 2.3 million children died in the first month of life, accounting for about 6,400 neonatal deaths per day. The aim is determining the survival proportion of neonates, hazard ratios, and maternal factors influencing the survival of low-birth-weight neonates. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study design using secondary data from 183 medical records of low-birth-weight neonates from 2020 to 2022. Kaplan-Meier analysis and life table were used to observe the time frame and survival proportion, as well as differences among independent variable groups. Cox regression analysis was conducted to estimate hazard ratios and the influence of independent variables. Results: Gestational age (p=0.028, HR=2.7948, CI 95% = 1.1197-6.9757), ANC visits (p=0.000, HR=2.7057, CI 95% = 1.6320-4.4857), and maternal employment status (p=0.023, HR=2.6546, CI 95% = 1.1430-6.1651) are statistically significant variables that influence the survival of low-birth-weight neonates. Conclusions: The survival proportion of low-birth-weight neonates is 60.80%. Gestational age, ANC visits, and maternal employment status significantly contribute to the survival of low-birth-weight neonates.

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