# Simulation Study of a Hybrid PV-Grid Multi-Voltage Battery-Swapping System for Electric Motorcycles
> Utamidewi D.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/simulation-study-of-a-hybrid-pv-grid-multi-voltage-battery-swapping-system-for-e
Jurnal / Konferensi: Proceedings International Conference on Smart Green Technology in Electrical and Information Systems Icsgteis
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSGTEIS68532.2025.11284332
ISSN: 28313992
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Utamidewi D.

## Abstract
Battery swapping offers a promising solution for electric motorcycle charging by minimizing downtime and enhancing operational efficiency. This paper presents the design and simulation of a hybrid PV-grid powered battery swapping station capable of simultaneously charging three battery types <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(48 \mathrm{V}, 60 \mathrm{V}$</tex>, and 72 V) using a modular converter system. A realtime MOSFET-based switching mechanism is developed to prioritize solar photovoltaic (PV) energy when available and shift to grid power under low irradiance conditions. The simulation, conducted in MATLAB/Simulink over a 12-second runtime with irradiance levels varying from 500 to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1000 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex> and down to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex>, demonstrates smooth source switching and stable voltage regulation (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\sim \mathbf{1 0 0 V}$</tex>). The State-of-Charge (SoC) increased from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{5 0 \%}$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{5 9. 7 4 \%}$</tex> for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4 8 V}$</tex> battery, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4 5 \%}$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{5 2. 8 4 \%}$</tex> for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{6 0 V}$</tex> battery, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4 0 \%}$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4 7. 8 5 \%}$</tex> for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{7 2 V}$</tex> battery. These results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design in enabling adaptive, multi-voltage charging under realistic solar conditions. The proposed architecture shows potential for scalable deployment in regions with nonstandardized battery configurations.

## Keywords
- Battery (electricity)
- Photovoltaic system
- Modular design
- Automotive engineering
- Downtime
- Engineering
- Scalability
- Software deployment
- Grid
- Renewable energy
- Voltage
- Solar energy
- Computer science
- Power (physics)
- Solar irradiance
- Solar power
- Electrical engineering
- Electricity
- Mechanism (biology)
- Converters
- Hybrid system
- Simulation
- Electricity generation
- Node (physics)
- Energy storage
- Embedded system
- Systems design
- Grid-connected photovoltaic power system
- Electric vehicle

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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