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Simulation Study of a Hybrid PV-Grid Multi-Voltage Battery-Swapping System for Electric Motorcycles
Utamidewi D.
Proceedings International Conference on Smart Green Technology in Electrical and Information Systems Icsgteis
Abstract
Battery swapping offers a promising solution for electric motorcycle charging by minimizing downtime and enhancing operational efficiency. This paper presents the design and simulation of a hybrid PV-grid powered battery swapping station capable of simultaneously charging three battery types$(48 \mathrm{V}, 60 \mathrm{V}$, and 72 V) using a modular converter system. A realtime MOSFET-based switching mechanism is developed to prioritize solar photovoltaic (PV) energy when available and shift to grid power under low irradiance conditions. The simulation, conducted in MATLAB/Simulink over a 12-second runtime with irradiance levels varying from 500 to$1000 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$and down to$10 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$, demonstrates smooth source switching and stable voltage regulation ($\sim \mathbf{1 0 0 V}$). The State-of-Charge (SoC) increased from$\mathbf{5 0 \%}$to$\mathbf{5 9. 7 4 \%}$for the$\mathbf{4 8 V}$battery,$\mathbf{4 5 \%}$to$\mathbf{5 2. 8 4 \%}$for the$\mathbf{6 0 V}$battery, and$\mathbf{4 0 \%}$to$\mathbf{4 7. 8 5 \%}$for the$\mathbf{7 2 V}$battery. These results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design in enabling adaptive, multi-voltage charging under realistic solar conditions. The proposed architecture shows potential for scalable deployment in regions with nonstandardized battery configurations.