Shape Mode Variation for Structural Health Monitoring: The Case Study of the Bili-Bili Dam in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates the variation in shape modes for monitoring the structural health of the Bili-Bili dam in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a focus on early damage detection to ensure the safety and operational efficiency of the dam. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of shape mode variation in identifying early signs of structural damage. The analysis was performed using manual calculations and ETABS software, with results indicating that the fundamental vibration period of the dam is 1.90749 s, which is within the acceptable safety range. Mode shape analysis revealed that Mode 1 exhibits an overall deformation with the largest deflection at the center, Mode 2 has two nodes with maximum deflections at both ends, and Mode 3 presents a more complex deformation pattern with three nodes. These findings demonstrate that shape mode variation effectively detects structural anomalies, providing crucial insights for proactive maintenance and long-term dam safety. Shape mode variation analysis should be integrated into regular structural health monitoring programs for the Bili-Bili dam and extended to other dams in the region to enhance resilience and reliability.

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