Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis in East Lore District Poso Regency Central of Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood trematode worms from the genus Schistosoma. The prevalence in East Lore was high. Objective: It's important to comprehend the danger variables. In the Poso Regency East Lore District, a study was conducted to identify the risk factors for the incidence of Schistosomiasis. Method: This research uses a case control study design and is an analytical observational research project. There were 43 respondents of Schistosomiasis cases, and 43 respondents made up the control group, which was chosen at a 1:1 ratio based on respondents age and sex matching the cases. Environmental samples were measured using water quality test. Result: The distribution of Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis snail habitat was described by measured water temperature and pH was determined in the habitat. According to environmental measurements, rice field irrigation canals and brown plantation streams with water temperatures between 22°C and 27°C and pH values between 5.5 and 7.8 were discovered to contain cercarias snails. Bivariate analysis showed that the habit of open defecation (OR = 6.0; CI (95%) = (2.3 – 15.3), the habit of not using clean water (OR = 7.0; CI (95%) = (1.45 – 34.07), the distance from the house to the snail habitat were risk factor (OR = 28.3; CI (95%) = (8.23 – 97.6), not using PPE (OR = 10.9; CI (95%) = (4.02 – 30.0), and underutilization of Schistosomiasis health programs (OR = 11.3; CI (95%) = 4.08 – 31.2) are risk factors. The variable distance between the home and the snail habitat with OR = 40.7; CI (95%) = (5.064 – 328.02) is the most significant risk factor based on the results of multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The habit of open defecation, not using clean water, the distance between the house and the snail habitat, not using personal equipment and underutilization of Schistosomiasis health programs are risk factors (OR value is > 1) because variables with an OR value > 1 value greater than 1 are risk factors. Meanwhile, the most significant risk factor is the distance between the home and the snail habitat.

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