Risk Assessment of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) Exposure from Bosowa Cement Industry Emissions to Water Sources Utilized in Maros

Abstract

The industry is a source of heavy metal pollution and, in the long term, can negatively impact the environment through air, soil and water. If ingested in excess and over an extended period, the effects of heavy metal contamination on well water in the vicinity of the cement industry will result in health issues. Objective: This study aimed to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals Cd and CrVI in well water, exposure duration, intake rate and frequency of exposure to Cd and CrVI in people who use well water around the Bosowa Cement Industry. Method: This study used purposive sampling method, while the number of samples in this study was calculated using the slovin formula which resulted in 80 human samples and 40 well water sampling points. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) method, where intake, excess cancer risk (ECR), and risk management analysis were carried out in this study. If the contamination has a carcinogenic risk then risk management is required based on ECR>4 calculations. Result: As a result, the environmental health risks from exposure to heavy metals Cd and CrVI are as follows: The ECR value of Cd in adult respondents is between 1x10^-4-2x10^-3, while in children respondents is between 1x10^-4-3x10^-3. The ECR value of CrVI for adult respondents is between 3x10^-6-6x10^-5, while for children, respondents are between 4x10^-6-9x10^-5. Risk management can be done by determining the safe consumption limit and the amount of safe consumption.

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