Relationship between Allopregnanolone levels and duration of implant use for depression

Abstract

Introduction: The use of hormonal contraceptives, such as progestin implants, is suspected to affect allopregnanolone levels and involved in mood regulation, potentially increasing depression risk. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between allopregnanolone levels and the duration of implant use on depression among implant acceptors compared to intrauterine device (IUD) users. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study involved 90 women aged 20–35 years, divided into three groups: implant users <1 year (n=30) and ≥1 year (n=30), and IUD users (n=30). Allopregnanolone levels were measured using ELISA. Depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. Results: Allopregnanolone levels in implant users (<1 year: 2.33 ± 0.99 nmol/L; ≥1 year: 2.68 ± 1.19 nmol/L) were significantly lower than in IUD users (3.49 ± 1.40 nmol/L; p=0.001). However, no significant differences in depression scores were observed among the groups (p=0.204). Additionally, no significant correlation was found between allopregnanolone levels and depression scores in any group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Progestin implant use is associated with reduced allopregnanolone levels but does not significantly increase depression risk compared to IUDs.

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