Reframing Sustainability in Post-Mining Landscapes: A Foundational Framework for Institutional and Behavioral Integration in Indonesia

Abstract

Post-mining sustainability remains a major policy and governance challenge in resource-rich regions such as Indonesia, where extractive legacies often leave landscapes environmentally degraded and communities economically vulnerable. This study proposes a foundational framework for reframing sustainability in post-mining landscapes by integrating two interdependent pathways: institutional mechanisms and behavioral readiness. Using a qualitative meta-synthesis of 1,339 stakeholder-derived remarks and 80 thematically coded nodes, the study identifies ten core themes spanning land compensation, CSR co-financing, agroecological livelihoods, stakeholder engagement, social norms, and perceived legitimacy. The resulting dual-pathway framework demonstrates that long-term sustainability is not merely an outcome of regulatory reform or technical rehabilitation, but the product of mutually reinforcing processes involving policy alignment, community empowerment, and cultural acceptance. The study contributes to both Stakeholder Theory and Legitimacy Theory, offering empirical grounding for how trust, participation, and local belief systems shape the adoption and effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. A set of policy recommendations is also presented to guide multi-actor governance, participatory land planning, and behavioral integration in post-mining development. This framework provides a conceptual and operational tool for advancing sustainability in complex post-extractive settings.

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