# Randomized controlled trial on the regulation of MMP-9-NGAL ratio in diabetic patients with early renal dysfunction by Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. functional foods
> Setyawati A.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/randomized-controlled-trial-on-the-regulation-of-mmp-9-ngal-ratio-in-diabetic-pa
Jurnal / Konferensi: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research
Tahun terbit: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres25.2499_13.6.1847
ISSN: 07194250
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Setyawati A.

## Abstract
Context: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, largely driven by inflammation and oxidative stress. Piper crocatum is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Aims: To evaluate the effects of P. crocatum-enriched functional foods on renal biomarkers in diabetic patients with early renal dysfunction. Methods: A 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 387 diabetic adults with mild renal impairment. Participants consumed either P. crocatum-enriched cookies or placebo cookies. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and the MMP-9-NGAL ratio were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Compared with placebo, P. crocatum significantly reduced MMP-9 (518.45 to 350.34 ng/mL, false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p=0.0003), NGAL (195.67 to 174.31 ng/mL, FDR-adjusted p=0.0016), and the MMP-9-NGAL ratio (2.65 to 1.99, FDR-adjusted p=0.0011). Effect sizes were large. The placebo showed minimal changes. Conclusions: P. crocatum supplementation improved renal inflammation and oxidative stress markers, suggesting its potential as an adjunct therapy for DN.

## Keywords
- Medicine
- Placebo
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Oxidative stress
- Internal medicine
- Lipocalin
- Randomized controlled trial
- Inflammation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Antioxidant
- Kidney
- Clinical trial
- Gastroenterology
- Nephropathy
- Renal injury
- Kidney disease
- Urology
- Disease
- Endocrinology
- Placebo group
- Acute kidney injury
- Nephrotoxicity
- Pharmacology

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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