ICAM-1 and platelet counts as biomarkers for severity and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background and aim: Stroke is a major global cause of death and disability. Timely intervention is essential to reducing both mortality and disability in ischemic stroke patients. Biomarkers such as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is involved in inflammation and tissue damage, and platelet count (PC), which reflects platelet activity, are hypothesized to aid in predicting stroke outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum ICAM-1 levels, platelet count, stroke severity, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 63 patients with ischemic stroke. Serum ICAM-1 levels were measured via ELISA, platelet count through standard blood tests, and stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Clinical outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: The study found that stroke patients had higher mean levels of ICAM-1 compared to control participants, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.888). Similarly, the mean platelet count in stroke patients was lower than in control participants, but the difference was also not significant (p = 0.13). Additionally, there was no significant association or correlation between ICAM-1 levels and NIHSS scores or mRS scores, as well as between platelet count levels and NIHSS scores or mRS scores. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, ICAM-1 levels and platelet counts may not serve as reliable biomarkers for assessing the severity of acute ischemic stroke or predicting clinical outcomes.

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