Ulvophyte Green Algae Caulerpa lentillifera: Metabolites Profile and Antioxidant, Anticancer, Anti-Obesity, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Properties

Abstract

Marine algae have excellent bioresource properties with potential nutritional and bioactive therapeutic benefits, but studies regarding <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> are limited. This study aims to explore the metabolites profile and the antioxidant, anticancer, anti-obesity, and in vitro cytotoxicity properties of fractionated ethanolic extract of <i>C. lentillifera</i> using two maceration and soxhlet extraction methods. Dried simplicia of <i>C. lentillifera</i> was mashed and extracted in ethanol solvent, concentrated and evaporated, then sequentially partitioned with equal volumes of ethyl acetate and <i>n</i>-Hexane. Six samples were used in this study, consisting of ME (Maceration-Ethanol), MEA (Maceration-Ethyl Acetate), MH (Maceration-<i>n</i>-Hexane), SE (Soxhletation-Ethanol), SEA (Soxhletation-Ethyl Acetate), and SH (Soxhletation-<i>n</i>-Hexane). Non-targeted metabolomic profiling was determined using LC-HRMS, while antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anticancer cytotoxicity were determined using DPPH and ABTS, lipase inhibition, and MTT assay, respectively. This study demonstrates that <i>C. lentillifera</i> has several functional metabolites, antioxidant capacity (EC₅₀ MH is very close to EC₅₀ of Trolox), as well as anti-obesity properties (EC₅₀ MH < EC₅₀ orlistat, an inhibitor of lipid hydrolyzing enzymes), which are useful as precursors for new therapeutic approaches in improving obesity-related diseases. More interestingly, ME, MH, and SE are novel bioresource agents for anticancer drugs, especially for hepatoma, breast, colorectal, and leukemia cancers. Finally, <i>C. lentillifera</i> can be a nutraceutical with great therapeutic benefits.

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