# The factor structure of extrapyramidal symptoms evaluated using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale in patients with schizophrenia: Results from the 2016 REAP AP-4 study
> Kubota C.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_85143831632
Jurnal / Konferensi: Human Psychopharmacology
Tahun terbit: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2861
ISSN: 08856222
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Kubota C.

## Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) remains a major problem in clinical psychiatry. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and assessed using the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). METHODS: The participants were 1478 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia whose EPS was assessed using the DIEPSS in India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan in the 2016 REAP AP-4 study. The records of the participants were randomly divided into two subgroups: the first for exploratory factor analysis of the eight DIEPSS items, and the second for confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The factor analysis identified three factors: F1 (gait and bradykinesia), F2 (muscle rigidity and tremor), and F3 (sialorrhea, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the eight individual items of the DIEPSS could be composed of three different mechanisms: acute parkinsonism observed during action (F1), acute parkinsonism observed at rest (F2), and central dopaminergic mechanisms with pathophysiology other than acute parkinsonism (F3).

## Keywords
- Parkinsonism
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Akathisia
- Dyskinesia
- Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
- Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)
- Psychology
- Dystonia
- Medicine
- Drug-naïve
- Confirmatory factor analysis
- Movement disorders
- Psychiatry
- Psychosis
- Parkinson's disease
- Internal medicine
- Drug
- Disease
- Antipsychotic
- Structural equation modeling
- Mathematics
- Statistics

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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