Loading time and channeling effect in removing copper ions from sand surface by surfactin solution in flushing column

Abstract

The variations of loading time (t) were used to indicate the channeling effect of in removing copper ions from sand surface by surfactin solution in continuous flushing column technique. Results trend shows that by increasing loading time will increase the interaction with the contaminant on sand surface. In shorter time showed that the removal efficiency of water was higher than surfactin if flushing without foam. The micelle structure within the surfactin solution has ability to move into intra particle and tend to flow down which decrease the loading time in comparing with water molecule. Flushing with foam, the bubbles gas penetrates and spreads the surfactin micelles to the whole sand surface and spend shorter time in loading the sand column. Types of flushing with and without foam with the removal efficiency result are possible to predict the channeling affect.

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