Islands morphological change related to wind directions: Case of Samalona, Barrang Caddi, and Bonetambung of Makassar

Abstract

This research aims at finding the shore morphological and area changes for every periods of monsoons on the three reef islands of Makassar, Spermonde waters, related to the wind directions. This research used Landsat Image ETM8+ of the late year of 201 to early 2016 to map the island changes. Data were analyzed using ArcGis 10.13. Wind data were obtained from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and analyzed using Ocean Data View (ODV), while Matlab 2015 and Wrplot View 7 were used to get the wind direction. These data were grouped into first period, the West Monsoon (December-February), second period, the first monsoon transition (March-May), third period the East Monsoon (June-August) and the forth period as the second monsoon transition (September-November). Present results shows that all the island’s shore changes were in accordance with the wind direction. During the first period, dominant wind direction was from Northwest to Southeast. On the otherhand, during the third and forth periods wind blows from the Southeast to the Northwest. As for the second period, the wind blows in both sides of the islands. Therefore, the pattern of these island shores followed the directions of the wind in each periods and these pattern repeated relatively similar every year. In one of the annual cycle from the late 2014 to early 2016, all three island increased although as for Bonetambung and Samalona the decreased occourd during the third to the fourth period. The process of increasing and decreasing of island’s area may depend on the availability of its beach formation materials which related to platform of those islands fringing reef. Several houses and cottages in those three islands have either move away from the shore or eroded due to the shoreline changes dynamic.

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