What drives farmers’ preference in adopting high-yielding rice varieties in Indonesian rice farming? Towards sustainable production management

Abstract

High-yielding rice varieties (HYRVs) can contribute to sustainable rice production and food security, yet farmers’ adoption decisions are shaped by heterogeneous socioeconomic and production conditions. This study examines the factors associated with HYRV adoption among rice farmers in Eastern Indonesia and interprets adoption as part of a broader sustainable food-system process. A cross-sectional survey of 120 rice farmers was analysed using binary logistic regression to assess the associations between HYRV adoption and farmer characteristics, production resources, economic capacity, and market conditions. Six variables were statistically significantly associated with adoption: farmer age, farming experience, rice farming income, rice farming capital, rice production, and selling price. Farmer age was negatively associated with adoption (Exp(B) = 0.838; p = 0.008), whereas farming experience was positively associated (Exp(B) = 1.131; p = 0.041). Rice farming income and capital were positively associated with adoption, while rice production and selling price showed negative associations. Formal and non-formal education, land area, family responsibility, seed price, and distance from home were not statistically significant. The findings indicate that HYRV adoption is associated with the interaction of farmer capabilities, economic capacity, production performance, and market conditions rather than a single socioeconomic characteristic. These results suggest that promoting sustainable rice production requires integrated interventions that strengthen farmers’ capacity, facilitate access to production resources, and improve the enabling economic and institutional environment for technology adoption.

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