The Effect of Coastal Climate on Residential Areas in Tanjung Kramat, Gorontalo City

Abstract

Abstract Coastal settlements are highly vulnerable to climate variability, where microclimatic dynamics directly influence settlement quality, community comfort, and spatial planning. This study examines the impact of coastal climate on residential areas in Tanjung Kramat, Gorontalo City, Indonesia. In-situ measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed were combined with spatial analysis using ArcGIS. Field campaigns were conducted during the dry season across three time windows (morning, midday, and late afternoon) to capture diurnal variations. The results reveal a pronounced daily cycle: midday air temperatures ranged from 33–35 °C, with globe temperature proxies equivalent to 40–44 °C, while relative humidity peaked at 74% in the late afternoon. Wind speeds reached up to 3.0 m/s at midday, reflecting sea–land breeze circulation. These conditions reduced thermal comfort, increased material deterioration, and heightened vulnerability to shoreline abrasion. Adaptation strategies include building orientation and spacing adjustments, expansion of green open spaces, coastal buffer zones, and integration of ventilation corridors. Incorporating microclimate assessments into planning frameworks is essential to strengthen settlement resilience and support sustainable coastal development in Gorontalo City.

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