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The Relationship between Energy Intake, Physical Activity, Household Food Security and the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women in Coastal Areas of Takalar Regency
Asniar
Nutricion Clinica Y Dietetica Hospitalaria
Q4Abstract
Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women remains a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Coastal areas face unique nutritional challenges despite their rich local food resources. Evidence regarding the roles of energy intake, physical activity, and household food security in the development of CED among pregnant women living in coastal areas remains limited.. This study aims to analyze the relationship between energy intake, physical activity, and household food security with the incidence of CED in pregnant women in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 298 pregnant women in Takalar Regency. Energy intake was measured using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), physical activity using the Physical Activity Level (PAL) questionnaire, and household food security using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). CED status was determined based on Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) < 23.5 cm. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). Results: The prevalence of CED risk in pregnant women was 17.8%. Energy intake was significantly associated with CED incidence (p = 0.006), while physical activity (p = 1.000) and household food security (0.065) did not show a significant relationship. In multivariate analysis, energy intake was a determinant of the incidence of CED (AOR = 6.176; 95% CI: 1.444-26.411), followed by household food security (AOR = 1.844; 95% CI: 1.005-3.383). Conclusion: The most dominant factor in the incidence of CED is Inadequate energy intake and low household food security. It is recommended to increase the energy sufficiency of pregnant women through appropriate nutritional interventions and strengthen household food security, particularly by utilizing local food potential, to reduce the prevalence of CED in pregnant women.