A systematic review and meta-analysis of human papillomavirus genotype distribution in condyloma acuminata: divergent profiles in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients

Abstract

Condyloma acuminata, chiefly linked to low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV), demonstrates a more severe clinical course – characterized by extensive lesions, recurrence, and treatment resistance–in HIV individuals. This group also shows increased high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and coinfection prevalence, elevating oncogenic risk. This review aimed to compare HPV subtype profiles between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients to guide clinical strategies. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, querying PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane/CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for literature published from 2015 to 2025. Six studies involving 703 participants were included. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model in RevMan 5.4.1 to generate pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Methodological quality was evaluated via ROBINS-I and SIGN tools. Results demonstrated that HIV status was a significant determinant of HPV genotype distribution. Individuals living with HIV had substantially higher frequencies of HR-HPV infections (e.g. genotypes 16, 18, 52, 59) compared with HIV-negative individuals, in whom LR-HPV types predominated (pooled odds ratio: 5.25; 95% confidence interval: 3.10–8.88; P <0.001). In summary, these findings confirm a distinct HR-HPV predominance in individuals living with HIV, underscoring the imperative for enhanced, tailored screening, and preventive oncology measures in this high-risk group.

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