# Accessibility Pathways as a Transmission Mechanism Linking Support Systems and Beef Cattle Farming Sustainability in Informal Smallholder Partnerships: Evidence from Indonesia
> Hakim M.H.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105050402080
Jurnal / Konferensi: International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2026.117
ISSN: 23056622
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Hakim M.H.

## Abstract
Smallholder livestock systems contribute substantially to beef supply in developing and emerging economies, yet sustainability remains fragile, particularly in informal partnershipbased production.This study examines accessibility pathways as a transmission mechanism that links support systems to the sustainability of beef cattle farming in informal smallholder partnerships in Indonesia.A cross-sectional survey of 372 farmers was conducted in April-June 2024 using structured questionnaires (five-point Likert scale).Data were analyzed using covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) in AMOS.Confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement model after removing three indicators with standardized loadings < 0.50; all constructs achieved acceptable convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.50) and reliability (CR > 0.70).The final model showed good fit (CMIN/DF = 1.676;RMSEA = 0.043; TLI = 0.953; CFI = 0.963).Institutional support, technological support, social capital support, extension services, and farmer characteristics significantly increased accessibility, while government policy was not significant.Accessibility was the strongest predictor of sustainability.Technological and social capital supports also showed direct positive effects on sustainability, whereas extension services had a negative direct effect, suggesting alignment and integration gaps.Sobel mediation tests confirmed accessibility as a key transmission pathway through which selected supports influence sustainability.These findings imply that programs should prioritize practical accessibility to finance, inputs, information, feed resources, and markets through coordinated institutional linkages and integrated advisory services to enhance sustainability in informal smallholder livestock partnerships.

## Keywords
- Sustainability
- Business
- Structural equation modeling
- Social capital
- Livestock
- Government (linguistics)
- Likert scale
- Beef cattle
- Agriculture
- Agricultural science
- Mediation
- Environmental economics
- Public economics
- Marketing
- Cattle feeding
- Agricultural machinery
- Transmission (telecommunications)
- Agricultural economics
- Environmental resource management
- Emerging markets
- Sustainable development
- Survey data collection
- Natural resource economics
- Industrial organization
- Sustainable agriculture
- Dairy farming
- Mechanism (biology)
- Local government
- Economics
- Public policy
- Dairy cattle
- Social protection

---
Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
Saat mengutip, gunakan DOI bila tersedia atau URL kanonis di atas.