Trends and Research Frontiers on Exclusive Breastfeeding Policy: A Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is vital for child survival, growth, and development, yet its promotion and protection remain challenging across diverse policy and health system contexts. Over the past decade, research on EBF policy has increased alongside global health priorities and emerging crises. This study examines publication trends, key sources and authors, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution in EBF policy research from 2016 to 2025 using bibliometric analysis. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using Scopus data retrieved with the query "exclusive breastfeeding" and "policy" for publications from 2016-2025. A total of 449 documents were analyzed based on publication trends, influential journals and authors, citation impact, collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic evolution. Results: EBF policy research showed a consistent annual growth rate of 18.57%, with publication peaks in 2020 and 2023, partly linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Breastfeeding Journal and Maternal and Child Nutrition were the leading journals, while Pérez-Escamilla, Agho, and Ogbo were among the most influential authors. International collaboration increased, although contributions from low- and middle-income countries remained limited. Research themes evolved from child health and biomedical determinants (2016-2019) to broader issues, including maternal factors, workplace support, nutrition policy, and health system resilience, with COVID-19-related challenges emerging after 2020. Conclusions: EBF policy research has shifted toward a more holistic and system-oriented perspective. Strengthening policy frameworks, health systems, and equitable support mechanisms is essential to sustain progress in EBF promotion and protection.

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