Parring bamboo (Gigantochloa atter) composites as alternatives for safety cabin panels

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate a reinforced composite of Parring Bamboo (Gigantochloa atter) fiber with a Flame Retardant Polyester matrix (PaBFeR–FeReP). The study focuses on the effects of fiber treatment—comprising a combination of 5% NaOH alkalization and a water-based flame retardant inhibitor (FRI)—as well as fiber volume fraction variations (45%, 55%, and 65%) on material performance. The novelty of this research lies in mapping the synergy between layered fiber interface modification (chemical and flame retardant treatments) and a phosphorus-modified polyester matrix, a configuration that has not been comprehensively explored in Parring bamboo. Composite panels were fabricated using the hand-layup method and characterized via mechanical testing (tensile, flexural, impact), UL-94 burning test, TGA-DSC, SEM, and FTIR. The results showed that fiber treatment (NaOH and FRI) combined with a 65% fiber volume fraction (PFT65) provided the highest overall mechanical performance. Furthermore, all composite variants successfully achieved the UL-94 V-0 fire resistance classification without flaming droplets. Thermal analysis (TGA) indicated that the treatment advanced the initial decomposition temperature (Tonset), which accelerated the formation of a protective char layer (charring). Further DSC analysis confirmed the occurrence of charring or cross-linking processes at temperatures above 400℃, which supported thermal stability. The PaBFeR–FeReP composite shows promising initial potential as a more environmentally friendly alternative material. However, its suitability for application as safety cabin panels still requires further validation against specific engineering requirements and structural regulatory standards.

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