Spatial and multi-criteria assessment of green infrastructure development for sustainable tourism around Sentani Lake

Abstract

Sentani Lake in Papua Province is a unique ecological and socio-cultural landscape facing increasing pressures from land-use change, sedimentation, and unplanned tourism. This study develops a sustainable tourism framework by integrating spatial analysis, green infrastructure, and community-based approaches. A mixed-methods design combined GIS-based analysis with SWOT and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), using Sentinel-2 imagery, digital elevation models, environmental datasets, field surveys, and stakeholder interviews across a 1,355.9 km 2 study area. The GIS results reveal contrasting spatial conditions, ranging from high-value conservation and cultural tourism zones to degraded and vulnerable areas requiring ecological restoration. The Internal–External matrix produced an IFE score of 3.49 and an EFE score of 2.75, placing Sentani Lake in Quadrant II, or the “Hold and Maintain” position. This indicates strong internal ecological and socio-cultural potential but moderate external capacity due to institutional, environmental, and infrastructure constraints. AHP prioritization identified renewable energy investment as the highest-ranked strategy (S–T-1 = 0.0867), followed by green building adoption (S–O-1 = 0.0832) and digital infrastructure strengthening through partnerships (W–O-4 = 0.0818). These findings indicate that sustainable tourism development in Sentani Lake should prioritize ecological resilience, institutional strengthening, low-impact infrastructure, and indigenous community collaboration. Integrating spatial planning, environmental restoration, digital monitoring, and local cultural governance is essential for building resilient and inclusive lake-based tourism development.

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