In vitro mutagenesis and DNA polymorphism detection in Capsicum annuum using gamma irradiation and RAPD analysis

Abstract

Abstract Chili (Capsicum annuum) is a strategic horticultural crop widely used by the community. The quality of chilies needs improvement. Chili is susceptible to environmental stress, drought, and disease, even though varieties are now widely distributed. Various efforts to improve varieties continue, one being gamma-ray irradiation, which induces genetic mutations. Gamma rays are physical mutagens that interact with DNA through the free radical OH-. This study aims to analyze the effect of gamma-ray irradiation of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy on Capsicum annuum seeds of SSP and Kopay varieties in vitro on genetic diversity using RAPD molecular markers. The study used 14 RAPD primers. Results showed 13 primers produced polymorphic bands with high polymorphic values for primers OPA04, OPC09, OPA02, OPN15, OPE15, OPA15, and OPK10. The overall primary PIC value reached a moderate index of 0.2. For the Kopay variety, the 0 Gy control treatment was in the same group with similar high amplification results. The groups furthest from control were treatment doses of 200 Gy for individual 1 and 500 Gy for individual 1, showing Among the Kopay mutants, individual K-7 exhibited the highest level of polymorphism detected by RAPD markers. For SSP variety chilies, gamma-ray irradiation at each dose produced mutations in each individual, with 200-300 Gy producing the best mutations in both seed varieties tested, with a genetic distance matrix of 4.5. The study shows gamma-ray irradiation affects the genetic diversity of Kopay and SSP. These results can aid further development of chili varieties by observing irradiated mutants' superiority in the field.

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