# The association between dietary patterns and depression symptoms among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia
> Mubasyiroh R.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105047572865
Jurnal / Konferensi: Social Sciences and Humanities Open
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103413
ISSN: 25902911
Kuartil SJR: Q1
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Mubasyiroh R.

## Abstract
Background Mental health and dietary patterns are important factors for adolescent well-being, but evidence on the relationship between overall dietary patterns and depression among Indonesian adolescents remains limited. This study investigates the relationship between dietary patterns and depression in Indonesian adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 228 school-aged adolescents (15-18 years old) from four schools. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K-10), and dietary patterns were derived from a non-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. Results The study found that 17.5% of adolescents had depressive disorders. Five major dietary patterns were identified: nutrient-dense foods, modern Western foods, Indonesian traditional foods, animal protein and complex carbohydrates, and dairy products or probiotic foods. After adjusting for confounders, lower quintiles of modern-Western foods (q2 and q3) were significantly associated with a lower depression risk (ORadj = 0.07 [0.01–0.74]; p = 0.028 and ORadj = 0.09 [0.01–0.83]; p = 0.033) compared to the highest quintile (q5). The second quintile of Indonesian-traditional foods (q2) was also significantly associated with a lower risk of depression (ORadj = 0.02 [0.00–0.32]; p = 0.005). Conclusion This study indicates that the association between dietary patterns and depression in adolescents is observed only for the modern Western and Indonesian traditional dietary patterns. However, this relationship is not linear; therefore, caution is needed when interpreting it.

## Keywords
- Depression (economics)
- Indonesian
- Medicine
- Logistic regression
- Association (psychology)
- Depressive symptoms
- Food frequency questionnaire
- Multivariate analysis
- Demography
- Distress
- Environmental health
- Obesity
- Mental health
- Mental distress
- Feeding behavior
- Cross-sectional study
- Psychological distress
- Risk factor
- Food intake
- Food group
- Ethnic group
- Gerontology
- Lower risk
- Multivariate statistics
- Psychiatry

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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