Analyzing of Indeks and Arabica Coffee Farming Sustainability’s Status in Rappolemba Village, Tompobulu District, Gowa Regency

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the sustainability status of Arabica coffee farming in Rappolemba Village, Gowa Regency, using a multidimensional approach. A total of 100 farmers were surveyed during the 2024 production period. Sustainability was assessed across five dimensions: ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) within the Rap-Agro framework. The ecological dimension consisted of 7 attributes; the social dimension 6 attributes; the economic dimension 7 attributes; the technological dimension 7 attributes; and the institutional dimension 6 attributes. Model robustness was validated through Stress, R², and Monte Carlo analyses. Sustainability index values were classified into four categories: 0-25 (not sustainable), 25-49 (less sustainable), 50-74 (sustainable), and 75-100 (highly sustainable). The results show that the multidimensional sustainability index reached 53.12, placing Arabica coffee farming in the sustainable category. The ecological (70.99), social (54.61), and technological (52.81) dimensions were also categorized as sustainable, while the economic (45.04) and institutional (42.14) dimensions were less sustainable. The farmers’ perspective index (76.89) was categorized as highly sustainable. Stress and R² values indicated a strong model fit (Stress < 0.25; R² > 0.90), and Monte Carlo validation confirmed the stability of the results. This research provides the first validated multidimensional sustainability index for Arabica coffee farming in Rappolemba and offers empirical evidence for targeted intervention strategies, particularly in strengthening economic and institutional performance within smallholder coffee systems. Keywords: Arabica coffee, sustainability index, multidimensional scaling (MDS), rap-agro, rappolemba village .

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