# The Effect of Trigona Honey (Tetragonula Biroi) on the Number of Bifidobacterium Sp., Lactobacillus Sp., Clostridium Sp., Escherichia coli, Indoxyl Sulphate Levels and Interleukin-6 in Chronic Kidney Disease patients
> Asriani

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105047204182
Jurnal / Konferensi: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00360
ISSN: 09743618
Kuartil SJR: Q3
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Asriani

## Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes an increase in proteolytic bacteria and a decrease in saccharolytic bacteria, leading to an increase in the production of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulphateeeee, which will induce inflammation through the gut-kidney axis. The research objective is to analyse the effect of administering Trigona honey on the number of Bifidobacterium Sp., Lactobacillus Sp., Clostridium Sp., Escherichia coli, Indoxyl Sulfat levels, and IL-6 before and after intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease. The method used was a double-blind randomised controlled trial for 60 days on CKD patients aged 18-60 years, stage 3b-5 non-dialysis, who had not consumed prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antioxidants, and antibiotics in the past month. Dietary education was provided for 14 days and participants were randomised into 2 groups, namely the treatment group (n=16), receiving trigona honey, and the control group (n=18), receiving a placebo. Both groups received the intervention for 60 days. Blood biochemical tests (WBC, Hb, and platelets), urea, creatinine, GFR, Indoxyl Sulfat levels, IL-6, urine albumin creatinine ratio, and stool examinations to assess the number of Bifidobacterium Sp., Lactobacillus Sp., Clostridium Sp., and and and and and Escherichia coli ore and after the intervention were conducted. From the research results, 40 patients were randomised into 20 patients in the treatment group and 20 patients in the control group. At the end of the study, there were 16 patients in the treatment group and 18 patients in the control group. The gender variable in both groups had more males (61.76%) compared to females (38.24%). In the age variable, the average age of patients in the treatment group was 44.75±9.40 years, while in the control group it was 45.94±6.94 years. There were no significant differences in the average food intake of energy, protein, fibre, carbohydrates, and fat composition between the two groups, both before and after the intervention. There was a significant decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium sp. in the treatment group compared to the control group (p=0.025 vs p=0.269). There were no significant changes in the number of Lactobacillus sp., Clostridium sp., E. colii, IS levels, and IL-6 in both groups. The conclusion of this study is that It can be said that in CKD patients, trigona honey greatly lowers the amount of Bifidobacterium sp. but does not affect the amounts of Lactobacillus sp., Clostridium sp., E. coli, IS levels, and IL-6.

## Keywords
- Bifidobacterium
- Medicine
- Kidney disease
- Lactobacillus
- Antibiotics
- Gastroenterology
- Internal medicine
- Escherichia coli
- Creatinine
- Microbiology
- Dysbiosis
- Albumin
- Bacteria
- Probiotic
- Urine
- Kidney
- Biology
- Placebo
- Clostridium
- Feces
- Gut flora
- Adverse effect
- Clostridium difficile
- Physiology

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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