# Synergistic Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy Using 405 nm Laser Diode and Moringa Oleifera-Derived Silver Nanoparticles against Pathogenic Bacteria
> Astuti S.D.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105046731404
Jurnal / Konferensi: Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2026.08
ISSN: 20089783
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Astuti S.D.

## Abstract
Introduction: This study examines the antibacterial capabilities of Moringa oleifera green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-MO), in combination with UV light and a blue laser set at 405 nm, against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Higher concentrations of AgNPs-MO enhanced the antimicrobial activity when exposed to both light treatments. The findings suggest that Moringa oleifera-derived photosensitizers improve the efficacy of photodynamic antimicrobial therapy, offering an eco-friendly approach for enhanced infection control. Methods: The experimental design comprised four groups: three bacterial groups (A1/A2 and A3/A4) exposed to laser irradiation at varying concentrations and durations of silver nanoparticles, and a control group (T0) that was not exposed to laser irradiation. A photosensitizer produced from Moringa oleifera was also administered to bacteria in groups A2 and A4, and different laser exposure durations were then applied. After incubation, bacterial colonies were measured with a Quebec colony counter. Results: Statistical analysis using a two-way ANOVA factorial test and post-hoc Tukey test revealed significant reductions in bacterial viability. E. coli exhibited viability reductions of 70.90%, 76.44%, and 79.87% with mmol L-1, mmol L-1.5, and mmol L-2 AgNPs-MO after 180 seconds of laser exposure, respectively. Similarly, S. aureus showed viability reductions of 97.48%, 95.94%, and 94.72% under the same conditions. Conclusion: At an energy density of 3.44 J/cm2 , our approach demonstrated notable efficacy, achieving a 79.87%±1.92% inactivation of E. coli and a 97.48%±0.78% inactivation of S. aureus. This study suggests promising applications for the combined use of a blue laser, UV radiation, silver nanoparticles, and Moringa oleifera extract in combating infectious bacteria.

## Keywords
- Moringa
- Antimicrobial
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Photosensitizer
- Photodynamic therapy
- Pathogenic bacteria
- Escherichia coli
- Bacteria
- Silver nanoparticle
- Microbiology
- Food science
- Antibacterial activity
- Medicine
- Factorial experiment
- Irradiation
- Laser
- Antibacterial agent
- Enterobacter
- Traditional medicine
- Pathogen
- MTT assay
- Bacterial growth
- Colony-forming unit
- Chemistry

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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