Unraveling the Molecular Landscape of Follicular Fluid: A Comparative Proteomic Study Between Bali and Brahman Cattle

Abstract

Background: Protein biomarkers are increasingly recognized as indicators of metabolic status, immune response, and reproductive performance in cattle. However, comparative data among different breeds commonly raised in Indonesia remain limited. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the specific proteins in follicular fluid (FF) of Bali and Brahman cows. Methods: = 20 pairs of ovarium) were analyzed for identification of specific proteins using LC-HRMS analysis. Results: Proteomic analysis revealed distinct breed-specific FF profiles, with 16 proteins uniquely identified in Bali cattle and 23 proteins in Brahman. Bali FF was enriched with proteins associated with protease inhibition, coagulation regulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cytoskeletal dynamics, including CORO1C, ZER1, YARS1, and L3MBTL3. In contrast, Brahman FF showed enrichment of proteins involved in lipid oxidation, one-carbon metabolism, and peroxisomal activity, notably ACOX2, BHMT, and KIAA0586. Conclusion: Here, we present the proteomic characterization of FF from Bali and Brahman cattle, where several bioactive proteins are candidate proteins potentially associated with reproductive processes. These findings highlight the potential of protein biomarkers in guiding cattle breeding and management strategies in tropical regions.

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