Exploration of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides from Symbiotic Bacteria Associated with the Jellyfish Catostylus sp. as an Antioxidant and an Anticancer Agent

Abstract

Research on symbiotic bacteria associated with the jellyfish Catostylus sp. remains limited, particularly regarding their potential as sources of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to explore the bioactivity of extracellular proteins and peptide hydrolysates derived from these bacteria, revealing compounds with antioxidant and anticancer potential. The study involved isolation, protein extraction and purification, enzymatic hydrolysis, LC-HRMS analysis, brine shrimp lethality test, and antioxidant evaluation using in vitro (DPPH) and in vivo (SGPT and SGOT) assays, followed by in silico molecular docking to predict anticancer activity. The extracellular protein fraction F1 showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 = 115.15 µg/mL), while its peptide hydrolysate exhibited strong activity (IC50 = 91.45 µg/mL). Both samples reduced SGPT and SGOT levels compared to the negative control, with SGPT values of 60 ± 1.15 and 52.25 ± 1.87 U/L, and SGOT values of 81 ± 1.15 and 78.75 ± 0.70 U/L. BSLT results indicated notable toxicity (LC50 = 54.21 and 119.09 µg/mL). Molecular docking supported the anticancer potential of LC-HRMS-identified compounds against the ERα (PDB ID: 3ERT), with binding energies ranging from −5.7 to −7.0 kcal/mol. These findings highlight Catostylus sp. symbiotic bacteria as promising sources of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications.

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