Characteristics and outcome measures of guided imagery interventions in breast cancer care: A scoping review

Abstract

Background & Aim: Guided imagery is a mind–body intervention increasingly explored in oncology supportive care, particularly among breast cancer patients. Published studies vary in terms of intervention characteristics, delivery methods, and outcome measures. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on guided imagery interventions in breast cancer populations, describe intervention characteristics and reported outcomes, and identify gaps to inform future research directions. Methods & Materials: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five electronic databases were systematically searched for studies published between 2016 and 2025 that evaluated guided imagery interventions in breast cancer or broader oncology populations. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and mixed-methods research. Data were synthesized narratively with a focus on intervention characteristics, delivery modalities, reported outcomes, and standardization-related issues. Results: Twenty-three studies were included. The review identified substantial heterogeneity in intervention characteristics, including session duration, frequency, delivery modality, and combination with other techniques. Frequently assessed outcomes included anxiety, depression, pain, fatigue, and quality of life. Variability in intervention protocols and outcome measures limited cross-study comparability. Conclusion: The literature reveals considerable heterogeneity in guided imagery interventions and outcome measurement in breast cancer care. This variability highlights the need for clearer intervention reporting and greater consistency in outcome measurement to support future rigorous effectiveness research

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