# Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Potential of Sand Sea Cucumber (Holothuria Scabra) Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Male Rats
> Fajri A.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105045636719
Jurnal / Konferensi: Trends in Sciences
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.13192
ISSN: 27740226
Kuartil SJR: Q2
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Fajri A.

## Abstract
Introduction: Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus promotes progressive renal injury leading to diabetic nephropathy. This study evaluated the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Holothuria scabra in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups (n = 5). Diabetes was induced in the rats with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), and then treated orally for 28 days with H. scabra ethanolic extract (200 or 400 mg/kg) or metformin. Fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine and urea levels, and histopathological changes in pancreatic and renal tissues were evaluated. Results: Diabetic rats developed sustained hyperglycemia, weight loss, and marked renal structural damage. Treatment with H. scabra ethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001), serum creatinine (p < 0.05), and renal histological injury scores (p < 0.001) compared with untreated diabetic controls. Pancreatic islet morphology showed partial improvement; however, islet number and area were not significantly restored. Phytochemical screening identified flavonoids, saponins, and steroidal compounds. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of H. scabra exerts integrated antidiabetic and renoprotective effects at 200 mg/kg dose. These benefits likely result from functional metabolic regulation rather than structural regeneration of pancreatic islets. The findings highlight H. scabra as a promising marine-derived candidate for adjunctive diabetes management. Further mechanistic and dose-optimization investigations are warranted. HIGHLIGHTS Ethanolic extract of Holothuria scabra showed significant antidiabetic and renoprotective potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats, as shown by reductions in fasting blood glucose and creatinine serum levels. Histopathological analysis revealed better preservation of pancreatic islets, improved pancreatic tissue architecture, and reduced renal damage scores following treatment with ethanolic extract of Holothuria scabra. Ethanolic extract of Holothuria scabra at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed greater improvement in fasting blood glucose and creatinine serum reduction, as well as histopathological improvement in the kidneys and pancreas. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

## Keywords
- Streptozotocin
- Creatinine
- Diabetes mellitus
- Medicine
- Sea cucumber
- Internal medicine
- Endocrinology
- Phytochemical
- Islet
- Kidney
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Traditional medicine
- Lipid profile
- Renal pathology
- Blood sugar
- Blood urea nitrogen
- Urea
- Pancreatic islets
- Pharmacology

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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