Role of Variety, Fertilizer Composition, and Planting Density and Its Interaction on the Agronomic Traits of Shallots

Abstract

The productivity of shallot from true seed (Allium ascalonicum L.) is influenced by the interaction of genetic, nutritional, and spatial factors. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of variety, foliar fertilizer composition, and planting density on shallot growth and yield. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2024 at the Hasanuddin University Experimental Farm, Makassar, Indonesia (5°7′40.07″ S, 119°28′48.94″ E), using a split-split plot design with three varieties (Lokananta, Merdeka F1, Sanren F1), three foliar fertilizer packages, and two planting densities (single and double seedlings per hole). Analysis of variance showed significant (p < 0.05) three-way interactions among variety, fertilizer, and density for plant height, dry biomass, and bulb weight. The maximum plant height (58.41 cm) was recorded in Merdeka F1 with fertilizer package A and double seedlings, while the greatest dry biomass (54.30 g) occurred in Sanren F1 with fertilizer package C and single seedlings. The maximum bulb fresh weight (41.72 g) was achieved in Lokananta under package A with single seedlings. Fertilizer package C produced the highest bulb dry weight (33.09 g) and yield (22.06 g per plant), representing a 35% increase over package A. Single-seedling planting yielded 21.34 g compared with 16.39 g under double planting. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.95) was found between bulb dry weight and total yield. These results confirm that optimal combinations of variety, fertilizer composition, and planting density substantially enhance shallot productivity under controlled conditions

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