Effects of Durio zibethinus Waste Fermented with Lentinus Edodes as a Functional Feed Ingredient in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Durian (Durio zibethinus) processing generates substantial agro-industrial waste that remains underutilized despite its potential as a functional feed ingredient.Fermenting Lentinus edodes can enhance the nutritional value and bioavailability of durian waste by improving fiber degradability and releasing bioactive compounds; however, information on the safe inclusion level and physiological effects in broiler diets is limited.This study evaluated the effects of graded dietary levels of L. edodes-fermented durian waste (DzWF) on growth performance, gut health, immune response, lipid metabolism, and meat fatty acid composition in broiler chickens.A total of 200 Lohmann MB 202 broilers were assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% DzWF with four replicates of 10 birds each, and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous starter and finisher diets.Dietary DzWF up to 20% did not affect growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass yield, or abdominal fat deposition.Thymus index increased linearly with increasing DzWF levels, while bursa and spleen indices were unaffected.DzWF supplementation significantly improved intestinal morphology by increasing villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and reducing crypt depth, accompanied by decreased ileal Escherichia coli counts and increased lactic acid bacteria populations.Blood lipid profiles were favorably modulated, with increased high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced meat cholesterol content.Omega-3 fatty acids increased at all inclusion levels, and omega-6 fatty acids increased notably at 20% DzWF.These findings indicate that DzWF can be safely included in broiler diets up to 20% and functions as a sustainable feed ingredient that enhances gut health, immune development, and meat lipid quality.

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