# Biopsychosocial determinants of cortisol levels in cervical cancer patients: the roles of spirituality, anxiety, and depression undergoing chemotherapy
> Listanto V.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105041622728
Jurnal / Konferensi: Gaceta Medica De Caracas
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47307/GMC.2026.134.2.2
ISSN: 03674762
Kuartil SJR: Q4
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Listanto V.

## Abstract
Introduction: In patients with cancer, spirituality plays a central role in coping with the emotional, psychological, and existential burdens associated with the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships between spiritual well-being and psychological outcomes, specifically anxiety and depression, as well as serum cortisol levels, as physiological stress markers, in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional observational design, we included patients diagnosed with advanced-stage cervical cancer at a tertiary referral hospital, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Teaching Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. Data were assessed using validated instruments, i.e, the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), and laboratory measurements of serum cortisol levels.

## Keywords
- Medicine
- Biopsychosocial model
- Anxiety
- Cervical cancer
- Observational study
- Coping (psychology)
- Depression (economics)
- Internal medicine
- Breast cancer
- Oncology
- Clinical psychology
- Chemotherapy
- Psycho-oncology
- Cancer
- Referral
- Rating scale
- Perceived Stress Scale
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Fight-or-flight response
- Psychological stress
- Psychiatry
- Cancer chemotherapy
- Hydrocortisone

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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