# Magnetic waste-derived Fe₃O₄/activated carbon–red mud composite for enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic removal of methyl orange
> Rinovian A.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105041618645
Jurnal / Konferensi: Next Materials
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.102509
ISSN: 29498228
Kuartil SJR: Q1
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Rinovian A.

## Abstract
This study presents the development of a multifunctional magnetite-AC-RM composite for efficient methyl orange (MO) removal through combined adsorption and photocatalytic processes. The composite was prepared at a 2:2:1 wt ratio (AC:RM:Fe₃O₄) via co-precipitation. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the coexistence of Fe–O, Al–O, and Si–O functional groups, while BET results showed a surface area of 558.58 m² g⁻¹, higher than AC-RM (442.780 m²/g), indicating partial pore reopening after Fe₃O₄ incorporation. SEM–EDS analysis revealed a uniform nanoparticle distribution, and VSM confirmed strong ferromagnetic behavior, allowing rapid magnetic recovery. The magnetite-AC-RM composite exhibited superior adsorption performance with over 90% MO removal within 50 min at pH 2. The adsorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface, while kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.99), indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG° = −3954 to −1499 J/mol, ΔH° = −41.15 kJ/mol, ΔS° = −122.75 J/mol K) confirmed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. Overall, the synergistic integration of activated carbon, red mud, and Fe₃O₄ produced a highly reactive, magnetically recoverable, and thermodynamically favorable adsorbent. The magnetite-AC-RM composite offers a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable solution for removing anionic dyes such as methyl orange from aqueous solution.

## Keywords
- Methyl orange
- Adsorption
- Composite number
- Chemisorption
- Aqueous solution
- Langmuir adsorption model
- Photocatalysis
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- Chemical engineering
- Monolayer
- BET theory
- Materials science
- Nuclear chemistry
- Chemistry
- Endothermic process
- Magnetic nanoparticles
- Specific surface area
- Homogeneous
- Nanoparticle
- Magnetic separation
- Langmuir
- Aqueous medium
- Inorganic chemistry
- Water treatment
- Catalysis
- Orange (colour)
- Methyl blue

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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