In vitro study and phytochemical profile of Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd leaf extract

Abstract

Breast cancer ranks as the most commonly identified cancer in women on a global scale, with chemotherapy often limited by adverse effects and multidrug resistance. This has increased interest in medicinal plants as sources of bioactive compounds with improved safety profiles. Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd, a traditional medicinal plant from Eastern Indonesia, has shown antioxidant and cytotoxic properties, yet its in vitro cellular effects and detailed phytochemical composition remain incompletely understood. GC–MS analysis was conducted on ethanol and n-hexane extracts of L. decumana leaves. In vitro cell viability and preliminary cellular response activity were evaluated on MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. GC–MS analysis revealed that both extracts were dominated by cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, along with bioactive compounds such as phytol, neophytadiene, and n-hexadecanoic acid. Both extracts associated with moderate decreases in MCF-7 cell viability, with IC₅₀ values of 175 µg/mL (ethanol extract) and 179.42 µg/mL (n-hexane extract), suggesting measurable in vitro cytotoxic activity within the tested concentration range. Laportea decumana leaf extracts exhibit a diverse phytochemical profile and demonstrate moderate in vitro growth-inhibitory effects against MCF-7 cells, supporting their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for preliminary in vitro evaluation rather than definitive therapeutic application.

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