# Rhizomes as Multi-Target Pharmacological Platforms Against Tauopathy: Neuro-Metabolic Crosstalk, Drug-Likeness, and Translational Challenges
> Setiawan A.W.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105040144743
Jurnal / Konferensi: Pharmaceuticals
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph19050792
ISSN: 14248247
Kuartil SJR: Q1
Citations: 1

## Authors
- Setiawan A.W.

## Abstract
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology, are unified by pathogenic tau misfolding, post-translational modification, aggregation, and network-level spread. Yet decades of drug development that predominantly pursued single nodes (e.g., one kinase, one aggregation inhibitor, one monoclonal antibody epitope) have repeatedly delivered late-stage disappointments, underscoring a central lesson: tauopathy behaves less like a linear pathway and more like a coupled system of proteostasis failure, neuroinflammation, synaptic-mitochondrial stress, and metabolic dysregulation. This review examines rhizomes (notably Zingiberaceae genera such as Curcuma, Zingiber, Alpinia, Kaempferia, and Boesenbergia) as chemically diverse “multi-target platforms” whose bioactives can engage several tau-relevant nodes simultaneously. We synthesise evidence across tau phosphorylation (GSK-3β/CDK5 and upstream stress signalling), tau aggregation and seeding, autophagy-lysosome and proteasome pathways, redox-mitochondrial resilience, neuroinflammatory circuits (NF-κB/NLRP3), and neuro-metabolic signalling (insulin-PI3K-AKT, AMPK-mTOR). A translational lens is applied throughout, focusing on drug-likeness and CNS multiparameter optimisation; BBB permeability and efflux; metabolism and bioavailability constraints; and formulation strategies (nanoparticles, phytosomes, engineered exosomes) that may render rhizome-derived scaffolds more clinically plausible. We conclude that rhizomes offer credible mechanistic hypotheses for tau modulation, but progress depends on rigorous standardisation, realistic exposure matching, biomarker-driven study design, and a shift from “single-compound optimism” to network pharmacology with translational discipline.

## Keywords
- Progressive supranuclear palsy
- Corticobasal degeneration
- Neuroscience
- Tauopathy
- Computational biology
- Proteostasis
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Drug discovery
- Biology
- Bioinformatics
- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- Autophagy
- Neurodegeneration
- Medicine
- Drug development
- Disease
- Translational medicine
- Precision medicine
- Systems biology
- Gating
- Computer science
- Chemistry
- Systems pharmacology
- Proteasome
- Pharmacology
- Approved drug

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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