Sustainable Organic Rice Farming Practices: Farmer’s Performance in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the institutional performance of organic rice farmer groups in implementing SNI 6729:2016 in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, and to examine how resources, organization, and social norms influence implementation, including the Internal Control System (ICS) as a quality assurance mechanism.The research was purposively conducted in Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap) and Pinrang districts, involving six organic farmer groups (two in Sidrap and four in Pinrang). Data were collected from 18 purposively selected informants (farmers, group leaders, extension workers, and relevant officials) through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach guided by Ohama’s R-O-N (Resources-Organization-Norms) framework. Institutional performance varied across farmer groups. Groups in Sidrap—particularly Karya Bersama—showed higher performance supported by relatively complete cultivation and post-harvest facilities, an active organizational structure, a consistently functioning ICS, and strong social norms expressed through deliberation (tudang sipulung) and mutual cooperation. In contrast, groups in Pinrang faced constraints such as limited infrastructure, difficult access to locations, minimal visits from extension workers, low member participation, and weak internal organization and norms, resulting in partial implementation of SNI 6729:2016. Successful implementation of SNI 6729:2016 depends on synergy among resource adequacy, organizational effectiveness, and supportive social norms. Strengthening farmer institutions should focus on increasing member participation, optimizing organizational functions, improving facilities that meet organic standards, and ensuring sustained facilitation from local governments and related institutions to support the sustainability of organic farming in South Sulawesi. Keywords: Organic agriculture, farmer Institutions, SNI 6729:2016, Organic Rice, R-O-N (Resources-Organization-Norms), Sustainable

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