The relationship between human papillomavirus subtype and persistence or recurrence of condyloma acuminata: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Condyloma acuminata (CA), a human papillomavirus (HPV)-linked sexually transmitted infection, frequently persists or recurs, especially with high-risk (HR) strains. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine how specific HPV subtypes influence CA persistence/recurrence. We searched four databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane/CENTRAL, and Google Scholar) for relevant observational studies and randomized controlled trials (2005–2025). All meta-analytic statistics were processed using RevMan 5.4.1. Eight studies comprising a total of 1,070 subjects analyzed in this review demonstrated variable findings regarding the association between HPV subtypes and the persistence or recurrence of CA. The distribution of HPV types showed wide variability. The identified low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) subtypes included types 2, 6, 11, 27, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, and 61, while the HR subtypes were 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 66, 68, 69, and 70. In addition, 413 cases were reported without specific HPV type information from the studies analyzed. The meta-analysis showed a nonsignificant trend where HR HPV was linked to greater recurrence/persistence than LR-HPV (pooled OR 1.45, 95% CI: 0.81–2.61; P = 0.22, I 2 =65%). To conclude, HPV subtype is not significantly associated with the recurrence or persistence of CA.

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