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Spatial analysis of tuberculosis incidents in Makassar city 2021-2023
Simanjuntak I.A.
Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche
Q4Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB), a global health threat, burdens Indonesia significantly, ranking third worldwide. Makassar city has witnessed a notable increase in TB cases. Effective TB control is crucial for public health and economic development. Integrating Geospatial Information System (GIS) technology into management and care strategies is essential for enhancing control efforts.METHODS: This study employed a quantitative research design using an analytical approach. A spatial ecological study design was utilized.RESULTS: A total of 13,222 TB cases were identified. Males were the most frequently affected gender, comprising 56.16%, 58.19%, and 58.05% of cases in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. The age group of 55 years and older constituted the largest proportion of participants, accounting for 22.73% in 2021, 24.72% in 2022, and 26.54% in 2023. Significant positive correlation was found between TB and slum area, with correlation coefficients of r=0.690 (P=0.006) in 2021, r=0.733 (P=0.003) in 2022, and r=0.696 (P=0.006) in 2023, and poverty levels, with correlation coefficients of r=0.917 (P=0.000) in 2021, r=0.966 (P=0.001) in 2022, and r=0.944 (P=0.001) in 2023. Spatial analysis revealed a clustering pattern with high-high spatial autocorrelation in 10 areas in 2021, increasing to 12 areas in 2022, and further to 17 areas in 2023.CONCLUSIONS: Factors were identified as contributing to the high incidence of TB in Makassar city during 2021-2022: slum settlements, and poverty. Spatial patterns revealed an increasing trend in high-high clusters over the years.