# Pathophysiological insights into anterior segment manifestations in type 2 diabetes
> Hartono C.

URL kanonis: https://discover.unhas.ac.id/publications/pub_scopus_105037795315
Jurnal / Konferensi: Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche
Tahun terbit: 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0393-3660.24.05820-0
ISSN: 03933660
Kuartil SJR: Q4
Citations: 0

## Authors
- Hartono C.

## Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes is one of the main causes of blindness in most developing nations. It can result in several consequences, including ophthalmological problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of diabetes mellitus as well as its symptoms in the anterior part of the eye.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This study was conducted using databases that were gathered between 2018 and 2023. The keywords “diabetes mellitus,” “anterior segment,” and “diabetic eye disease” were used to search relevant topics across three online databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of nine anterior segment conditions were identified, including dry eye disease (DED), corneal ulcers, corneal neuropathy, glaucoma, anterior uveitis, cataracts, refractive diseases, iris neovascularization, and iris atrophy. Among these anterior segment conditions, DED was considered the most prevalent.CONCLUSIONS: Anterior segment manifestations in type 2 diabetes originated from multifactorial pathomechanisms, including hyperglycemia-induced biochemical imbalances, inflammation, oxidative stress, and nerve damage. Several biomarkers have been identified in relation to these pathomechanisms, but further investigations were necessary to elucidate the use of precise molecular pathways.

## Keywords
- Medicine
- Type 2 diabetes
- Diabetes mellitus
- IRIS (biosensor)
- Pathophysiology
- Ophthalmology
- Disease
- Cornea
- Blindness
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Optometry
- Dermatology
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Eye disease
- Bioinformatics
- Anterior Eye Segment
- Lens (geology)
- Corneal Diseases
- Visual impairment
- Pathology

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Sumber: Discover Unhas — RIMS Universitas Hasanuddin.
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