Metagenomic Insights into Rhizosphere Fungal Communities Across Different Rice Cultivation Systems

Abstract

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Rhizosphere fungi play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and plant protection, yet most are difficult to cultivate using conventional methods. Consequently, their ecological functions remain largely unknown. Therefore, metagenomic approaches allow for comprehensive and accurate mapping of fungal taxonomic profiles without the need for cultivation and this study investigated the variation of rhizosphere fungi across different rice cultivation systems to elucidate their diverse potentials. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A metagenomic approach was employed to identify fungi originating from the rhizosphere of rice cultivated in various field conditions, including irrigated, rainfed and organic rice fields. The diversity of fungi from rhizosphere samples was assessed to comprehend the relationships and metrics within the rice cropping systems utilized by farmers. <b>Results:</b> The findings indicated that the rhizosphere fungal index from organic rice fields exhibited the highest Shannon and Simpson index values compared to those from irrigated and rainfed rice fields. <b>Conclusion:</b> Metagenomic analysis revealed that the most dominant fungal diversity at the family level was Trichocomaceae, at the genus level was Talaromyces and at the species level was <i>Talaromyces wortmannii</i>.

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