Hydroxyapatite Derived from Blood Clam Shells (Anadara granosa) as a Promising Biomaterial Bone Graft for Accelerating Osteogenesis Post-Surgery

Abstract

Fractures occur when bone continuity is disrupted by trauma or excessive pressure, often involving soft tissue injury.Bone graft implantation supports healing and should be bioactive, osteoinductive, biocompatible, and bioresorbable.Hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone and teeth, is widely used to promote bone regeneration.This study evaluated hydroxyapatite derived from blood clam (Anadara granosa) shell waste as a potential xenograft to accelerate bone healing through radiographic and histopathological analysis.Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, with evaluations at the 2nd and 4th weeks post-implantation.Radiographs assessed callus formation, while histopathology examined osteogenic cell activity.Results showed that the Anadara granosa hydroxyapatite (AGHA) group has similar effectiveness to the commercial graft and demonstrated better osteoblast and osteoclast distribution than the control group.In conclusion, AGHA shows potential as a safe and effective xenograft alternative for accelerating bone regeneration.

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