Green Synthesized and Characterized Silver Nanoparticle Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode for Cyclic Voltammetric Simultaneous Determination of Cd and Cu

Abstract

Over the past few decades, nanoscience has gained prominence in green plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis due to its eco-friendly, easy-to-use, and cost-effective properties. This study was conducted to synthesize silver nanoparticles using red ginger leaf extract as a capping agent and natural reducing agent, and to characterize them. We also evaluated the development of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-RGL) to modify the Screen Print Carbon Electrode (SPCE) for the simultaneous cyclic voltammetric determination of Cd and Cu. The formation of AgNPs-RGL was visually confirmed by discoloration from yellow to brownish-yellow. UV-Visible analysis reveals a surface plasmon resonance band at 439.5 - 444 nm, which remains stable during the 7-day incubation period. AgNPs-RGL particles have a cubic face-centered shape, an average size of 53.6 nm, and are well distributed, with a polydispersity index of 0.278. EDX analysis confirmed silver (51.1%) as the dominant element, with several other components, including carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. FTIR analysis confirmed the capping of AgNPs with phytochemicals from the leaf extract. AgNPs-RGL has the potential to be developed as an SPCE modifier for the simultaneous determination of Cd and Cu, providing simple, fast, accurate, and highly sensitive results using cyclic voltammetry. The limits of detection for Cu and Cd are 7.75 and 1.28 ppm, respectively. The sensitivities are 0.199 and 1.206 μAppm−1mm−2, respectively. The accuracies are 42.7% and 85.6%, respectively. These findings show that cyclic voltammetry using SPCE/AgNPs for Cu determination is more sensitive but less accurate. In contrast, Cd determination is less sensitive but more accurate. HIGHLIGHTS Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized using red ginger leaf water extract as a reducing agent. Green plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis has eco-friendly, easy-to-use, and cost-effective properties. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from red ginger leaves have the potential to be developed as a SPCE modifier for the simultaneous determination of cadmium Cd and Cu in river water. Cyclic voltammetry using a silver nanoparticle-modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Cu determination is more sensitive but less accurate. In contrast, Cd determination is less sensitive but more accurate. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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