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IoT Based Smart Bandage
Lestari M.A.
Proceedings 2025 8th International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems Isriti 2025
Abstract
A wearable IoT-based smart bandage has been developed as an electronic-textile (e-textile) system for controlled and personalized heat therapy targeting musculoskeletal disorders. The device integrates two primary modules: a heating module composed of short-circuited copper coils governed by an ESP32 microcontroller for closed-loop temperature regulation, and a 2.4 GHz textile microstrip antenna fabricated on a cotton substrate to enable wireless integration within the Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare ecosystem. Simulation results obtained from Ansys HFSS revealed a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.1325 and return loss (S₁₁) of –24.1358 dB, whereas experimental measurements yielded VSWR = 1.2435 and S₁₁ = – 21.1330 dB, confirming strong impedance matching and minimal signal reflection despite minor fabrication deviations within textile tolerances. The heating module exhibited a smooth exponential thermal response, increasing temperature from 31.5 °C to 51 °C within 1369 s (≈ 22.8 min), with an average heating rate of 0.014 °C/s and steady-state stability at 50–51 °C under ±1 °C fluctuation. Clinical pilot testing involving nine participants (aged 20–40 years) demonstrated an average pain reduction (ΔVAS) of 18.3% after 30 minutes of therapy, without any signs of erythema, sweating, or skin irritation. Overall, the smart bandage combines effective biothermal performance, precise closed-loop control, and safe textile integration, providing a compact, flexible, and intelligent wearable platform for next-generation thermal rehabilitation and personalized physiotherapy.