Architectural Planning for Integrated Fire Evacuation Routes in High-Rise Buildings in Makassar City

Abstract

Abstract Fire safety in high-rise buildings is an essential aspect of urban design, particularly in rapidly developing cities such as Makassar. This study examines the application of evacuation route standards and spatial performance in two office towers, Nipah Office Building and Wisma Kalla Building, through a comparative analysis of the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and SNI 03-1746-2000 . The evaluation integrates field observation, interviews, and spatial configuration analysis using the Space Syntax method. The results indicate that both buildings meet most physical requirements for evacuation safety, including appropriate exit access and circulation width. However, several non-structural factors, such as the consistency of exit signage and the adequacy of emergency lighting, remain below optimal safety levels. The Space Syntax analysis shows a linear-centralized circulation pattern in both buildings, with the main corridor acting as the primary evacuation path. Nipah Office Building demonstrates stronger spatial integration and visibility due to its open atrium and dual-corridor layout, while Wisma Kalla Building shows limited connectivity in basement and service zones. Although both comply with design regulations, evacuation routes are still limited in visual clarity and wayfinding effectiveness. Enhancing signage, lighting, and visual openness is recommended to ensure safer and more efficient evacuation during emergencies.

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